What Goes Into The PCB Assembly Process?

mwcms on October 17, 2022

The fast-paced technology around us brought countless electronic devices and equipment into our lives. Those electronic items have PCBs at their core. This post is for you if you don’t know what PCBs are. Just like a living cell has a nucleus at its center, Printed Circuit Boards are present in nearly all electronic equipment and devices.

Manufacturers use the “pick and place” technique to assemble and produce PCBs based on Surface Mount Technology or SMT. PCBs are small green boards that have electrical components on them. The components get attached through soldering to make the final version of a PCB. Simply put, designing, layout, printing, soldering, and testing a board is the “PCB assembly process”.

What Goes Into the PCB Assembly Process?

The process involves various steps, including soldering, pasting, designing, and testing. In this section, we will look at those processes in a systematic sequence to give you a better idea of PCB assembling.

Reliable manufacturers align the processes with above-average standards to produce high-quality PCBs. As the vast majority of PCBs feature the surface mount technology these days, the process below is for the same type of PCBs:

  • Solder Paste

Before adding any components to the printed circuit board, manufacturers add solder paste to it. The paste is only for the component pads, i.e., only the spots that will have components on the board. It’s done using the solder screen and protective machinery.

  • Pick and Place Technique

The board with solder paste goes through the “pick and place” process. A machine containing components places them on the printed circuit board. The machine does that very carefully to ensure proper placement and in the correct position. The tension between the components and solder paste keeps them attached to the board, considering you don’t jolt the PCB too hard.

  • Soldering

After adding components following the solder paste, the boards go through the individual soldering process. That’s where the soldering machine will permanently solder each component to the board. However, this process isn’t widely popular with surface mount technology-associated PCBs anymore.

If the manufacturer uses the wave soldering machine, the first step of the assembling process will be the pick and place technique. The board won’t require solder paste separately as the wave soldering machine provides solder paste. However, reflow soldering is more popular than wave soldering for assembling PCBs.

  • Inspection

Without inspection, reliable manufacturers don’t release PCBs into the market or supply them to their business clients. Inspection deals with issues that might have developed at various stages of the assembling process. PCBs with surface mount technology have dozens of components and sometimes a hundred. Hence, manual inspection is time-consuming and discouraged.

Automatic optical inspection is a more feasible solution for surface mount boards. The optical inspection machines scan and detect poor joints, abnormal soldering, and inappropriate placement. It catches both visible and non-visible issues with the surface mount.

  • Testing

Once the inspection and correction are over, the PCBs go through the testing phase. Before leaving the manufacturer’s den, testing PCBs is necessary to ensure they’re functional and suitable. Factories use different ways to test PCBs and surface mount boards.

  • Feedback

At the end of the process, the manufacturers receive reports to monitor the overall production quality, especially concerning PCB quality. Factories check for issues and monitor the functionality of PCBs during the testing phase to know they’re producing high-quality printed circuit boards. 

Conclusion

All PCB manufacturers rely on quality and safety standards to deliver reliable printed circuit boards. Furthermore, many types of PCBs are on the market to fit various electrical devices and equipment.

Learning about the PCB assembly process enables you to find the right manufacturer based on your requirements. If you’re developing electronics or similar goods, you’ll require an extensive insight into the assembling process to use the perfect PCBs for your projects.

Why Surface Mount Technology is Better Than Conventional Technique

mwcms on September 28, 2022

The standard practice for manufacturing PCBs involved through-hole circuits. It’s a simple method and refers to cutting holes in the circuit board to fit electrical components as required. However, it can be very time-consuming if used for mass production of through-hole PCBs.

Machines drill holes in the boards, mount components over those holes from one side, and then thread the holes in the board using lead. Since innovation leaves no technology untouched, the through-hole practice became obsolete only a few years after surface-mount technology or SMT took the stage.

Surface-Mount vs. Conventional Technique: Benefits of SMT 

It was the solution manufacturers wanted. SMT enables manufacturers to produce PCBs at high speed and with more material efficiency. Furthermore, it brings adequate vibration resistance and the possibility for customized soldering techniques. Let’s take a broad look at how SMT transformed the world of electronics and PCB production practices.

  • PCB Miniaturization

The electrical components attached to circuit boards using the surface-mount technology are much smaller than through-hole interpolation components. The geometric volume and size differences in conventional and SMT techniques take PCB miniaturization to the next level.

The SMT technique has reduced the size of many electrical components by 60% to 70%. Over that, some components even got reduced to 90% of their size thanks to surface-mount technology. The same goes for the weight. Hence, with SMT, PCBs have become smaller and more lightweight.

  • Low Material Costs

You will see a significant difference when you compare the material costs of conventional PCB manufacturing techniques and surface-mount technology. Considering the miniaturization that SMT brings into the PCB world, the material costs are significantly low.

Since small PCBs have smaller components, the material costs reduce automatically. In turn, that drives the price of SMT PCBs downwards, making it a more favorable option in electronics.

  • Simplified Production Processes

The surface-mount technology simplifies the production process to a massive extent. For instance, the mounting technology requires manufacturers to bent, shape, and cut the electrical components before mounting them on the circuit boards.

That automatically reduces the time, energy, and money spent attaching components to the circuit boards. Hence, the process simplifies, making it far more manageable and less time-taking.

  • Better Production Efficiency (and Automatic Production)

Surface-mount technology pioneered automatic PCB production processes in factories. It involves standardization and serialization in the production process. Moreover, it also brings consistency to the welding processes for attaching chip components to SMT printed circuit boards. Thus, the reliability of compact components on miniature PCBs will increase while the rate of component failure reduces gradually. 

  • Improved Signal Transmission Speed

Do you know that SMT brings higher safety density to PCB structures? Although the technology created miniature printed circuit boards, it also improved the safety density. For instance, the solder joints per cm2 can be around 5.5 to 20 as assembly density.

You must realize that high signal transmission speeds will also increase PCBs’ resistance to impact and vibration. This could ultimately result in high-speed operations and better electronic equipment around us. 

  • Better High-Frequency Effects

The distributed parameters of the circuit boards are generally high. However, they reduce drastically when the components attached to the board either have no or short lead. That’s because the absence or negligible amounts of lead causes reduced RF interference.

Conclusion

Learn about printed circuit boards and your requirements before choosing surface-mount technology. You will require thorough analysis and proper planning for successful end-product manufacturing if it includes PCB.

And if you’re planning mass production, make a prototype for testing. With surface-mount technology, you can create simpler designs and compact devices with quicker completion times. However, considering your requirements is best to do a cost-benefit analysis.

The Key Characteristics of the Surface Mount Technology: PCB Assembly

mwcms on August 30, 2022

Surface Mount Technology or an SMT is a method of manufacturing circuit boards. The alternative to this would be through-hole circuit boards with different circuit board designs. Most circuit boards that you see in mobile phones today are a bunch of small chips placed on top of a circuit board panel.

Surface Mount Technology

A circuit board with surface mount technology will not necessarily have holes inside. Instead, they are on top of copper pads and copper traces on the circuit board. This surface mount technology is a semi-automated process that allows manufacturers to build all the different circuit boards in-house for various products.

With the help of this technology, manufacturers can easily mount electronic components on the surface of printed circuit boards. This mounting technique is very different from the insertion technique that manufacturers conventionally use with holes.

In other words, it is an alternative to the older practices of developing circuit boards with the help of through holes. Since it is a newer rendition, it overcomes many shortcomings of the through-hole technology on the surface mount.

SMD

One of the critical characteristics of the surface mount technology is an SMD, otherwise called a surface mount device. When you browse the markets, you will find multiple range packages of SMD. These packages vary in different sizes and shapes.

SMD Passive Components

A large portion of the SMD resistors are either capacitors or resistors. The package sizes of these passive components come in sizes standard pack. Other surface mount device components include crystals and coils.

Resistors and capacitors generally vary in dimensions, shapes, and sizes. Other forms of SMD components that you can find include diodes and transistors. These are often very small in regards to shape and size. They connect within a circuit board with the help of leads.

Approximately three leads are included within these packages. Identifying which way the device must shift can help with the manufacture of the printed circuit board.

Integrated Circuits

You will find that there is a variety of packages that come in handy for integrated circuits. The use of the package depends entirely on the amount of interconnectivity that the component needs. For instance, a logic chip is only installed with 14 to 16 pins. On the other hand, other processors and chips can come with about 200 or more.

Since requirements can vary so greatly, there are a number of different packages that you can find. Like the packages, the processes in the SMT process also differ from the conventional through-hole PCB method.

Solder Paste Printing

One of the most distinctive processes of the SMT method involves solder paste printing. This refers to the place where you need components. The printed circuit board usually comes with a very fine and thin piece of metal.

On the circuit board, there are solder pads. In surface-mount technology, stencils and squeegees usually do the job of applying solder to the appropriate pads on the circuit board. This method of solder mask application is becoming very widely used and popular. This is especially the case in the subcontract sector.

To Conclude

As you can see, the surface mount technology has great significance today and is prevailing against the conventional through-hole method. The characteristics of the surface mount technology in the PCB manufacturing industry, along with its large-scale implementation are speeding up the manufacture of electrical appliances and technology. This, in turn is accelerating the world towards a prosperous future.

 

How is PCB Made in China?

mwcms on August 14, 2022

Circuit boards are the heart of just about any piece of electronic item that you use. China is responsible for a big chunk of the world’s circuit board production. In hindsight, printed circuit boards are a specific assembled product, even though they may look very complicated. The United States have largely relied on China for PCB production, but there seems to be a re-shoring trend underway.

The Re-Shoring Trend

Re-shoring is the act of having production units that were outsourced at foreign locations back to your hometown. US PCB companies have been setting up production units back to their hometowns and shutting down operations in other countries. The reason for this move is the increasing amount of labor costs in other countries, paired with the prevailing supply chain issues that are slowing down delivery times.

Not only that, due to the Geopolitical tensions, US citizens now demand that the products they consume are natively built. There is also a threat of intellectual theft when you hand over technical operations to other countries. Taking all of these existing factors into account, the re-shoring trend has become evident.

Below, you can get a glance of the technical process.

The Very First Step

Before a design file can be put into production, engineers will first glance at the file to ensure there are no inconsistencies within the design. Engineers need to check things such as trace gaps, files, drills, and other aspects of the digital PCB design they receive. This will ensure that the engineer did not design the PCB in a way that you cannot manufacture it.

Printing the Design onto Film

Once the design is reviewed and corrected, the design will then turn into films. You can make films and use light to project an image onto a board with a photoresist. This is similar to how you would expose a photograph. Once you have the design, you need to transfer it onto a copper board blank. Before you can shift the film onto the blank board, manufacturers will first prepare the board.

Board Production

The PCB board is manufactured using a layer of fiberglass in between and then gluing copper on the outside. In a large-scale manufacturing unit, large sheets of blank PCB boards are cut down into smaller components. After the board is cut, it is sent to the drilling unit. There are two reasons manufacturers drill a printed circuit board.

The first is to connect the components, and the other is to accommodate the wire holes connecting the copper layers. To begin with the drilling process, an operator will take an MDF board as exit material.

They will then attach an aluminum sheet on top of the board, which acts as an entry for the machine drill. This machine is fully automated, allowing it to select the right size of the drill. After doing so, it loads it into the drill head.

Most PCB manufacturing units in China will use highly optimized drills that can rotate up to 15 thousand revolutions per minute. After that, the corners are trimmed to make them rounded, and the surface is cleaned. Then, the machine automatically smoothens the edges of the board.

Final Steps

The steps that follow allow the board to go through a series of processes where copper is plated, and a printer prints photosensitive film to the copper board. Once the film is attached, further mechanical processes and solder masking will lead to the completion of the printed circuit board.

The solder mask protects that copper surface. The attachment of the components and testing is done with the help of machines. After the testing is complete, workers will separate all individual PCBs from the large production panel.

 

How to Repair Broken Traces on a Circuit Board?

mwcms on July 26, 2022

Different methods can help you repair broken traces from a circuit board. Today, there is a prevailing shortage of microchips that are microprocessors. Traces are what connect microchips and all other essential components on a circuit board.

Damages on Traces

Traces on a circuit board are not new to damage. They can suffer from damage in several ways. They can get damaged due to accidents or even due to dirt or residue. Most of the time, damage on the PCB traces is due to corrosion. Corrosion can happen because there is a leak in the electrolytic capacitor or a leak in the batteries. They can also be caused due to poor storage. To repair broken or damaged traces on a circuit board, you will first need certain tools and equipment.

What will you need?

To start with, you are going to need a soldering iron. Remember that your soldering iron does not have to be the best in the market. However, it is recommended that you have a soldering station rather than just one soldering iron. Along with that, you will need a high-quality gel flex and a very good set of precision tweezers.

You will need a blade, scalpel, or sharp object for cleaning, and a UV solder mask, along with solder, for reapplication. Do not forget that you will also need some wire for the actual trace repair. Afterward, you will need some isopropyl alcohol and some q-tips, cotton buds, and a toothbrush.

It is also very good to have multimeter so that you can keep a check on your work progress. Not to mention, a multimeter will be beneficial because it helps you keep a check on your work to make sure you’ve renewed continuity in the damaged traces.

Other things you’ll need include very sharp eyesight and a steady pair of hands. If you don’t have good eyesight, it is always a good choice to use a microscope. A microscope is an effective way to se what you’re doing without making errors.

You can even connect a camera to this microscope to enhance your work. Since a microscope can be pricey, they are not easily available. In this situation, a magnifier is a better alternative when trying to repair broken traces on a printed circuit board.

Use Enameled Wire

You should use enameled wire, the same type of wire you would use on a transformer or an electromagnet. It has an enameled coating, which means that it is insulated, making it very functional inside a printed circuit board. Nonetheless, this enameled coating comes off very easily with the heat of the soldering iron.

So if you need to run a trace over the board where it might come in contact with other metal, the insulation will stop it from creating a short. As you can see, repairing broken traces on a printed circuit board requires extensive consideration and thought, and you must be willing to take all the precautions to do a clean job.

To Conclude

With careful consideration and some knowledge of printed board repair, you can easily repair the broken traces on a printed circuit board. The above-mentioned types of equipment can help make the repairing process easier. All you have to do is spot the broken trace, clean the corrosion, and apply new wires on them with the help of solder.

Printed Circuit Boards – a Core Component for Electronics

mwcms on June 30, 2022

Have you just bought a shiny new mother board for your PC? If yes, then you might have noticed the small traces on the mother board. These traces are critical components connecting all of your sockets, headers, and components. This board is present in almost all electronic components and is responsible for making them light up and function correctly.

Before they became widespread, connecting the entire electrical component inside an appliance required bulky wires and a big mess of components. Therefore, printed circuit boards paved the way for the miniaturization of electronics and their efficiency.

A Resounding Idea

The idea of embedding wires on a flat piece of fiberglass became widely used as years progressed. The PCB invention made it possible for people to fit a highly complex device such as a smartphone inside your pocket. It allows engineers to pack up some of the most critical connections in a very small space. The process is similar to the manufacturing of CPUs.

The Design and Manufacturing of PCBs

When making the printed circuit board, layers of fiberglass are stacked on each other with resin so that they become a single slab. After that, copper material goes on each side of this slab. Following this, a pattern that aligns exactly with the traces is supposed to go on the copper layer placed on top.

After this step, the PCB goes through the etching process, along with further washing. This process is highly meticulous and performed in layers with the help of specialized machinery and computer-aided design simulators. During the manufacturing process inside industries, drills create small holes in this board to accommodate connections for small electrical components such as capacitors, chips, and resistors.

Overview

After PCBs get all the components connected onto them, they become a connection unit of all electrical connections on a substrate. You do not need any manufacturing processes to make a simple PCB. You can also find markers that will dispense conductive ink onto special paper. This will allow you to draw a working PCB at home.

It is also important to note that each printed circuit board will vary in shape, size, layers, and components according to the electronic item. Some electronics are simple and do not have multiple functions, while others are highly functional with multiple purposes. In terms of smart phones, the design of the phone will also influence the PCB.

In the 1990s, PCBs saw a decrease as computer-aided design and manufacturing became more prominent. BGA became introduced in the mid-1990s and allowed higher component densities and overall board miniaturization. In the 2000s, PCBs have not only become smaller and lighter, they now have higher layer counts and are more complex. Multilayered designs allow for more functionality in electronic devices. They also have an increasingly lower cost. 2006 saw prohibitions towards the use of lead, which took the lead components out of the solder used to place components.

Conclusion

Today, modern circuit assemblies represent the biggest densities of any assembly in the history of circuit assemblies. This has been a long history, and PCBs have come a long way since the primitive assemblies in 1903. While it is not possible to talk about the future, it is safe to say that circuit board assemblies will continue to miniaturize, and the processes will evolve further.

Circuit Board Components and Their Applications

mwcms on June 20, 2022

A PCB board or a circuit board is a critical component of almost all electronic pieces of equipment that are computerized and made to limit manual efforts. Even though they may look small and ordinary, circuit boards often have many complex components that synchronize to make a particular device function.

These components play a critical role in the functioning of a circuit board, which is responsible for the performance of all electrical items. Components attached to circuit board assembly can vary depending on the electrical appliance’s functions. However, some components are commonly found on all circuit board assemblies because they’re essential.

Resistors

Resistors are available in different shapes and sizes for circuit board assembly. A resistor is an electrical circuit that is meant to, as the name suggests, resist electric current flow. It is bound by Ohm’s Law, where voltage equals current multiplied by resistance. It encourages the restriction of electrical discharge. It is similar to how you narrow down a pipe to resist the amount of water flowing inside a tube.

Capacitor

There are all kinds of different capacitors, and they store charge in an electrical field. If you have a noisy electrical signal and voltage change, it will hold a charge and let some of the current out. It will then take on some charge when it reaches a peak. This means that you can smooth out a noisy signal with a capacitor.

Diode

The diode is the simplest semi-conductor. It allows the current to flow in only one direction and stops the flow if the current tries to flow in the other direction. LEDs or light-emitting diodes are different types of diode components on the printed circuit board capacitor.

Soldering the LED onto the printed circuit board is tricky, but it’s necessary when equipping a printed circuit board that powers an electrical component such as a mobile device. You can also find different sizes for LED parts.

Transistors

A transistor is a switch that has three leads. One of the leads is called the gate. If there is a current on the gate, electricity will freely flow between the other two leads. There are different types of transistors, some that only switch minimal loads, while others are bigger and can switch larger loads.

Micro Chips

Microchips are semi-conductors that come in every shape and size imaginable. They also start simple and get very complicated. Although it’s easy to solder them onto the printed circuit board by hand, they will perform much better when subject to machine assembly.

The contacts are underneath some of the chips and not easily visible. These types of semi-conductors are what you get if you take millions of transistors and put them together in the same package.

These microchips carry the majority of processing power in an electrical component. Different microchips are suited for different tasks, and it depends on the data they carry. The exact same chip can perform two different functions.

Final thoughts

The above-mentioned PCB components are some of the most critical and commonly found ones on circuit boards. Each one contributes to the flow of current around the printed circuit board, which is pivotal for the functioning of an electrical appliance.

 

Why are Circuit Board Assemblies Printed?

mwcms on May 25, 2022

Before the invention of printed circuit boards, electronic components inside a device were subject to manual connectivity, using wires. This manual construction accounted for many challenges in the manufacturing system.  These circuits were extremely complex and difficult to manage. Not to mention, repairing a damaged circuit was a tedious task, and often times not reliable. In 1936, Paul Eisler, who was a brilliant engineer that worked in a newspaper company acknowledged the issues of the old circuit board assembly.

This allowed him to give birth to a new concept of printing on circuit board assemblies. He introduced a printed copper circuit on a non-conductive board. This formed a board with traces, and on top of these traces, you could connect electrical components. The very first PCB manufactured looked nothing like a modern PCB, even though both follow the same mechanism. Modern PCBs are much more sophisticated, smaller, and complex.

Manufacturing process

When manufacturing PCB of today, you have to start from a simple copper flat sheet.  The manufacturing process and complete circuit board assembly turns the copper sheet into a sophisticated printed circuit board in a detailed manner. To start off, a layer of copper foil laminates on a flat sheet of glass fiber material. The glass fiber material offers mechanical support, and it remains with it until the manufacturing process ends.

Drilling Process

Once the aluminum sheet is arranged, it undergoes the drilling process. In this stage of the process, the printed circuit board undergoes registration holes on each side of the board. These holes act as the reference point for the alignment processes which will come ahead in the manufacturing. While the foundational board is being drilled, an engineer uses computer simulation software to design the circuit.

You can find many computer-aided platforms that allow you to create design files known as Gerber files. These files contain 3D models of PCB design. These files also dictate the arrangement of holes that the drilling machine will make. These holes are the places where the components are placed.  After the drilling process is complete, the board undergoes a cleaning process. Cleaning allows all the residues to extinguish from the board that came with the drilling process.

Production of Copper Traces

After all the holes have been drilled, you can move on to the copper traces. A great way to accomplish this copper traces is through etching. This is a chemical process in which you have to use a resistive mask to cover the copper plates. This mask will easily cover the plate since it will have the same pattern of circuit you want.

If you happen to dip this arrangement into an alkaline solution at the temperature of 60 to 120 degrees Celsius, then the area of copper that is uncovered by the resistive mask is dissolved. You can also say that it is etched away. After this process completes, protective mask which was covering the circuit board also washes off in the next process.

Final Thoughts

As you can see, circuit board assemblies of today widely use surface prints and designs. Gerber files align all copper traces in the form of a print, which makes printing a quintessential process of circuit board assemblies. Furthermore, the printing process also helps speed up the process, which is ideal for mass production. Overall, printing process helped make PCBs more optimized, accurate and standard, which in turn was pivotal for the quality of the boards.

Printed Circuit Boards and How They Function?

mwcms on May 9, 2022

Every electronic component has over a hundred to three hundred meters of wires. Today, electronic components are multi-functional, and they can operate many components at once. For electronics to work, each component needs to be interconnected, and they need to have all components work seamlessly together. A single wire in a smartphone can cover a football field. However, you cannot see these wires even if you open up the smartphone.

This is because they are inside the Printed Circuit board. A printed circuit board or PCB is the green board that you find inside electronics. This circuit board has multiple layers with hundreds of different copper wires. A PCB gives all the components inside the PCB structure and organization. The wires that run in between the PCB component allow all the components to be interconnected with one another.

How do PCBs Function?

Before you learn how Printed Circuit Boards function, you need to realize that there is a difference between components and PCBs. The components of the Printed Circuit Board include Microchips, Capacitors, Resistors, and Connectors. You can find these components mounted on top of the PCB with the help of a solder mask. A PCB without the components is simply a flat board without anything mounted on it.

You can also find other components with the PCB, however, they are not mounted on the board, but rather attached on it. If you take an X-ray picture of a PCB, you will find conductive wires clumped up inside, and you will also find light shades that are non-conductive insulator material. The dark shades will present multiple layers of wires that are aligned on top of each other.

Even though they are layered, they do not come in contact. Microchips are mounted on the PCB on a grid of connection points or pads known as the ball grid array. Microchips are like the central functioning units of any highly specialized component. There are many pads and compartments on the printed circuit board for other microchips.

Conductive Layers of the PCB

The PCB consists of multiple conductive layers. The top and bottom layers are the ones where you mount the components. Each of the components on the circuit board requires power to function. This is why the printed circuit board has layers that are only responsible for providing power.

They are called power planes and ground planes. Additional ground planes are used for heat dissipation and electromagnetic shielding. Other layers carry signal wires which help in communication. Each of the conductive layers has copper, insulating fiber glass, and epoxy resin that shuts down the flow of electricity. PCBs can have anywhere from 2 to 50 layers depending on their application. However, most of them will have a total of ten layers.

On the top and bottom is a colored solder mask that is covered. This not only keeps the mounting pads intact, but also provides insulation. On top of that you have silkscreen, which is ink that provides markings for where you need to store the components.

Final Words

As you can see, printed circuit boards play an integral role in the majority of the electronics you see today. Years of careful engineering and evolution have led to the printed circuit boards you see today, which is why they have been perfected to the core.

Interesting Facts about Circuit Board Assemblies

mwcms on April 26, 2022

PCBs or Printed Circuit Boards are major components of all electronic items. Normally, most people know very little about circuit board assemblies. A circuit board can easily be the heart of any electrical component. Below, you will learn about some interesting facts and history about the printed circuit boards.

PCB was Made Up of Brass

By using PCB, you can reduce the size of electrical components and wires that are needed for electronics to function. Since it is a replacement for all electronics and wires, you would normally think that a printed circuit board is made of copper. Even though this is true, it is worth noting that PCB was first made up of brass, and not copper. Today, they more commonly consist of fiber glass, composite 2 proxies, and other material.

PCBs Widespread Application and Forms

PCBs or printed circuit boards are also used in the printing industry. It is generally the backbone of modern day electronics. Circuit boards come in many different forms, and most PCBs are assembled using only a single layer. More sophisticated electronics and hardware such as motherboards, computer graphics or other cards can have multiple layers that sometimes can also go up to 12.

Even though PCBs are often linked with computers, they consist inside many other electronic devices, including radios, TVs, cell phones, and digital cameras. Along with their applications in consumer good electronics and computers, they are also applicable in a variety of other fields. The many different types of PCBs allow for them to be used in many other applications.

PCBs have different types

There are many different types of PCBs which you can find. These include:

  • Single sided PCB or Single Layer PCB
  • Double Sided PCB
  • Multilayer PCB
  • Rigid PCB
  • Flex PCB
  • Rigid-Flex PCB

 Single Sided PCB

Single sided or single layer PCBs are the cheapest circuit boards that you can find. These types only have one layer of the base substrate fiber glass. Furthermore, they also have one conductive copper layer. Electronic components for this PCB have holes that are not plated through. The compartments for the electronic components are on one side, while the conductive circuit is on the other side. Since there is only one conductive layer that forms this circuit, it is called a single sided PCB or one layer PCB.

Double Sided PCB or Double Layer PCB

Printed circuit boards of these types have one single layer of the base substrate, but conductive copper layer on both sides of the substrate. On this type of printed circuit board, you have to apply solder mask on both sides of the board. On top of that, holes for electronic components need to be plated through so that there is conductivity on both the circuits.  Holes on the double layer PCBs allow circuits on one side to be attached to circuits on the other side.

Multilayer PCBs

In this type, all the layers are interconnected with the help of copper plated holes. These layers can be multiple, and even range up to 40 layers. All the electronic components of an item are assembled on both, the top and bottom layers. On the other hand, the inner stacked layers are meant for rooting. Both, through hole electronic components and surface mount components can attach to either side of the PCB with the help of solder mask.

Final Thoughts

The earliest PCB assemblies were connected to each other manually, using wires. This manual construction led to errors and difficulties when it came to scaling up production. Today, printing techniques that conduct copper circuits on a non conducting board has revolutionized electronic items, making them smaller and more efficient.