How Each Small Component Works Together to Form a Circuit Board

mwcms on February 16, 2022

Imagine spending a day without using any electronic devices? Well, considering how our lives are integrated with modern technology and various electronic devices, such a task would be pretty impossible. Electronic gadgets are a part of our lives, and without them, you can’t complete tasks efficiently, or at least not without wasting valuable resources. This is all thanks to printed circuit board technology powering the majority of the devices out there. But what components are necessary for PCBs? Or, how do those important components integrate and function to form a perfectly-working printed circuit board?

In this post below, we will check out some of the main components of a circuit board that helps it function properly in the long run. Plus, you will learn the importance of each one and how it can be disastrous for a circuit board if a respective component stops working.

Inductors

These are electronic components based on the passive two-terminal form. Once a current passes through the inductors, they form a magnetic field to store the generated energy. Inductors are placed on circuit boards and help other components by restricting alternate current passage and allowing only direct current. They help form tuned circuits with the help of capacitors. Most often, you’ll find that tuned circuits inside TV and radio receivers consist of inductors.

Capacitors

These electronic components are based on the passive two-terminal form. However, their main purpose for attachment on a functional circuit board is to act like rechargeable batteries. By storing the energy at a previous time, they transmit the energy to the other components and the circuit board when required.

Resistors

Resistors are among the core elements in the list of components attached to different types of circuit boards, including PCBs. They are responsible for regulating the voltage in every connected component on a circuit board while also controlling the level of electric current that passes once the circuit is operational. Usually, the main cause behind a circuit board and its components overloading is resistor failure. Different components, apart from the resistors, aren’t very effective at regulating and handling varying voltage levels.

Transistors

In addition to their multi-functional nature and various capabilities, transistors are quite important in the fabrication of printed circuit boards. In general, transistors are nothing more than semiconductor devices that conduct and insulate while acting as amplifiers and switches for circuit boards and other components. Once integrated, they work efficiently despite lower voltage and negligible filament current.

Transistors are usually small in size but have a longer life than several major components of a printed circuit board used today. Further, there’re two different types of transistors:

  • Field-Effect Transistors (FET)
  • Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

Diodes

The diode acts as a switch for currents inside the printed circuit boards by allowing one-direction current to pass through different components on a printed circuit board. They’re semiconductor components that allow currents to move only in one direction while restricting flow from moving in the opposite direction.

There’s more to a printed circuit board than you might see at first. The abovementioned components aren’t the only ones that make up a functional circuit board that integrates efficiently with other parts of a device. Several other components are necessary, but the circuit board won’t be integrative without the ones mentioned above.

Conclusion

Whether you’re communicating with your loved ones abroad or making a hot cup of cocoa in the kitchen, you’re using technology that’s powered by printed circuit boards. While there are other types of circuit boards in the industry, PCBs are at the forefront of nearly all major technologies and innovations that we need regularly. Miniature electronic circuits are a massive solution to our time-sensitive work completion needs. But, the integration of all the small components on the said electronic circuits is even more important.

A Brief History on PCBs

mwcms on January 24, 2022

The printed circuit board enables all electrical components to work together in order to function all electronic devices that you see today. The printed circuit board, therefore, optimizes the functionality of electronics and has taken over many roles throughout history.

For instance, it primarily acted as a component holder. Then, it became an alternative to unnecessary wiring and cabling. Today, it is the superstructure for high-speed design.

The Birth of the First PCB

In 1940, the first printed circuit board was produced, and it was for the proximity fuse for the artillery shells. This was the middle of World War 2, and Great Britain was at war with the Nazis. Since they were on the back foot, the intelligence committee of Britain came up with a proximity fuse. This was inserted into the shells and exploded as it came near an object.

This invention was revolutionary for its time as it included a circuit that could detect when it was close enough to something and then explode. The UK was very successful with this invention. Moving forward to the post war era, the war ended in 1945. And in 1947, the first transistor was invented.

This transistor revolutionized the way people viewed electronics and changed the world of electronics, pushing forward great success. During this period of time, the first application of the transistor was the television set, and it was popular.

The circuit board inside the television set looks nothing like the printed circuit boards of today. Instead, it looked like individual components were strapped in, and wires were soldered to each of the component’s leads.

This was a very manually intensive way of building an electronic device, and it may have taken a couple of days for manufacturers to make them. If someone is sitting there and soldering all day long, you begin to wonder about the quality of the product as well.

Introduction to Etching Copper

In 1956, the US army patented an etching copper board. At that time, this was a very unusual way of making a circuit. The idea for etched copper involved getting a plain copper surface and then etching out the traces you’d want. After that, attach leaded components, or “through-hole components,” and you would put them through the board.

This was revolutionary because it turned a difficult and time-consuming process into one that you could complete in 20 minutes. This was a giant leap forward in electronics manufacturing. Granted, you only had one-sided boards at that time, but it served the purpose of getting from point A to point B.

PCB Today

A printed circuit board today is highly optimized because of miniaturization. Today, when you look at a highly specialized circuit board, you find really tiny components that neatly align to a board that connects all of the ports, headers, and sockets. These traces on printed circuit boards have made all of the modern electronics possible.

Before they became widespread, connecting components inside an appliance was a time-consuming and unorganized process. The idea of embedding wires on flat fiberglass made it possible to minimize highly complex electronic devices, such as smartphones and laptops.

Moreover, the printed circuits boards of today also have layers of copper on both sides of the fiberglass board, making them hold more components.

To Conclude

As you can see, the technologies of printed circuit boards have come a long way, and today they serve the most important functions for humanity, driving the wheels of commerce and information.

 

Everything You Need to Know about Solder Mask Material

mwcms on July 16, 2021

Solder Mask material is a fine layer of polymer. In terms of application, engineers will often use this material for copper traces in a circuit board, PCB. It is an essential material in circuit building projects, protecting the PCB from oxidization. This is, however, not the only use case and benefit of solder masks when it comes to the construction of circuit boards.

PREVENTS THE BRIDGES FROM DEVELOPING

Printed Circuit Boards or PCB usually has components of copper placed extremely close to each other. The solder masking helps an engineer avoid solder bridges from manifesting due to the pads spaced closely.

Solder bridge refers to an electrical connection between two copper components on a PCB board. Therefore, the correct application of a Solder Mask can be instrumental in avoiding this issue. Their use case for PCBs is increasingly widespread and fine-tuned into the mass production of circuit boards.

Hence, you will not only find the solder mask material as a hand assembly use case but also integral to the mass production companies of PCB. Companies involved in mass production often use wave or reflow techniques to solder their circuits.

APPLICATION PROCESS

The application process of solder involves firstly, applying the solder material on the board, and then following it up with making openings into the material for the copper components. Engineers that craft circuit boards will make these openings, often by using photolithography techniques.

Traditionally, solder mask material has a green physical appearance, but you can find it in many other colors as well. You can also use solder-masking techniques to construct your very own solder mask at home.

Hence, the quantity, quality, or type of the solder mask material ultimately depends on the particular PCB. Every PCB is different, not only in terms of size but also in terms of applications. PCBs for certain electronic instruments may have more components than some others.
Therefore, the physical dimensions of a particular PCB, the number of openings, and the volume and sizes of components are considerations that factor in before every soldering process.

TYPES

Typically, you can find four types of solder mask materials, each having its unique physical properties and distinct applications.

TOP-BOTTOM SIDE MASKS

The use of this type of solder mask is common amongst electronic engineers. They use this type of solder to recognize the openings in the solder layer. The layering of this solder mask often follows a film or an epoxy technique.

EPOXY LIQUID SOLDER MASKS

This is one of the cheaper solder masking options since it is a polymer that you can easily silkscreen on the PCB. Silk-screening refers to a printing method in which you have to apply woven mesh to hold the ink patterns.

LIQUID SOLDER MASK/PHOTO IMAGEABLE SOLDER MASK

This solder material is often the more superior out of the four. In terms of property, it is a mixture of two different liquid components. For this reason, it has a much higher shelf life than other solder mask liquids. Furthermore, it is also versatile in its application, meaning, that you can use multiple techniques to apply this solder mask material type.

DRY FILM PHOTO IMAGEABLE SOLDER MATERIAL

This type of solder mask material is excellent for high-density wiring boards. Since the film is dry, it is less likely to escape through the holes. Moreover, when using dry film, you should use the vacuum lamination application technique.

CONCLUSION

Solder mask materials are emphatic for the PCB industry. Without their application, all circuit boards are vulnerable to damages due to short circuits. Moreover, they also have an essential role in the functionality of the particular circuit board, and they allow aspiring circuit board creators to practice their PCB crafting skills.